Final answer:
The Mali Empire fell due to weak rulership after Mansa Musa, loss of control over trade routes, and attacks from Mossi and Tuareg peoples, coupled with the rise of the Songhai Empire.
Step-by-step explanation:
The decline of the Mali Empire can be attributed to several intertwined factors that led to its ultimate fall. One of the most critical reasons for the collapse was the weakening of the central authority following a succession of weak rulers after the death of Mansa Musa, which led to dynastic disputes and civil strife. The empire's prosperity was closely tied to its control over trade routes and when these were challenged, its economic foundation began to crumble. The Mali Empire also faced external pressures such as the relentless attacks from the Mossi and Tuareg peoples. Additionally, the rise of strong neighboring states, especially the Songhai Empire, also played a crucial role in eating away at Mali's power. Each of these elements contributed to weakening Mali both economically and politically, setting the stage for rebellion and secession of its provinces.
Though challenging to pinpoint a single most important factor, one could argue that the series of ineffective leaders was a significant contributor to the Empire's downfall since it directly impacted the ability to maintain control and manage the internal and external challenges faced by Mali. The loss of control over strategic cities and trade routes greatly diminished the empire's wealth and influence. By the 15th century, the empire had fragmented greatly, losing control of important cities like Timbuktu to rising powers such as the Songhai.