Final answer:
The boiling point of a solution is increased by the presence of a soluble nonvolatile substance, while an insoluble substance does not affect the boiling point. The temperature of the vapor above these solutions depends on whether the substance is soluble or insoluble.
Step-by-step explanation:
The effect on the boiling point of a solution produced by a soluble nonvolatile substance, such as NaCl, is an increase in boiling point. This is due to the presence of nonvolatile solute particles, which lower the vapor pressure of the solution. As a result, a higher temperature is required for the solution to achieve the same vapor pressure as the surrounding atmosphere.
On the other hand, insoluble substances like sand or charcoal do not have an effect on the boiling point of a solution. Since they do not dissolve in the solvent, they do not contribute to the total number of solute particles and do not affect the vapor pressure of the solution.
The temperature of the vapor above these two boiling solutions will be different. The vapor above the solution with a soluble nonvolatile substance will have a higher temperature compared to the pure solvent, due to the higher boiling point of the solution. However, the vapor above the solution with an insoluble substance will have the same temperature as the pure solvent, as the insoluble substance does not affect the boiling point.