Final answer:
In the renal system, particles smaller than 2 nanometers are passed into the filtrate. The glomeruli filter the blood based on particle size, excluding larger elements while allowing smaller particles to be filtered. The resulting filtrate is similar in composition to plasma and is further processed to create urine.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the renal system, the particles that are passed into the filtrate are generally smaller than 2 nanometers. The glomeruli, which are specialized capillaries in the kidneys, filter the blood based mostly on particle size. Large elements like blood cells, platelets, antibodies, and albumen are excluded, while smaller particles like ions, amino acids, vitamins, and wastes are filtered to create a filtrate composition similar to plasma. The glomeruli create about 200 liters of filtrate every day, which is then further processed to create urine.