Final answer:
The method of observing and taking notes about a phenomenon for research purposes is called participant observation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The method of gathering original research by watching a phenomenon and taking notes about what is noticed is known as observation, specifically participant observation. In participant observation, researchers immerse themselves in a community or social setting to gain an 'insider' perspective. They may engage in the routine activities of the people being studied, as this method allows researchers to experience social life firsthand.
Field researchers start with a broad and open-minded approach to observation, and as patterns emerge, their observations evolve into more specific questions and hypotheses.Whether the research involves a single visit or multiple visits over an extended period, the objective is to observe and learn, recording all details accurately.
Fieldwork can extend over various situations such as working as a waitress, living as a homeless person, or accompanying police on patrol. These immersive experiences are conducted with the intent to blend in, sometimes without disclosing the true identity or purpose of the researcher to avoid influencing the subjects' behavior.