Final answer:
The statement that inductive reasoning leads to a specific conclusion based on general observations is false. Inductive reasoning creates broad generalizations from specific cases, and these generalizations may not always be correct, as they require further validation. Option b is the final answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Inductive reasoning leads to a general conclusion based upon specific observations, which is the process of observing individual cases to arrive at a broader generalization.
However, it's important to note that inductive reasoning does not guarantee the correctness of the conclusion; the reached generalization may not always be accurate. An example of inductive reasoning is observing that apples, bananas, and oranges all grow on trees and then concluding that all fruits grow on trees.
This reasoning is flawed because there are fruits like strawberries and kiwis that do not grow on trees. Scientists use inductive reasoning to formulate theories, which can then be tested through deductive reasoning. Therefore, the statement that inductive reasoning leads to a specific conclusion is false because it leads to general conclusions that need further testing to determine their validity.