Final answer:
B. all individuals react to.The LD50 is a measure used to determine the toxicity of a substance by establishing the dose that would kill 50% of test animals.
Step-by-step explanation:
An LD50, which stands for lethal dose 50%, is the amount of a toxic chemical that is expected to cause death in half (50%) of a group of test animals. The LD50 is a commonly used standard measure to express and compare the toxicity of chemicals. Common units for expressing LD50 values include milligrams of chemical per kilogram of test animal (mg/kg or ppm), and these values are determined through studies where chemicals are administered to animals like rats, mice, or rabbits in various ways such as feeding, injection, or skin application. The LD50 helps gauge the acute toxicity of substances; substances with a lower LD50 are more toxic. Moreover, the LD50 value is only a rough estimate of the risk to humans since it varies between species, and humans may react differently.
The LD50 (lethal dose 50%) is a dose of a toxic chemical that kills half of the animals tested. It is a standardized measure for expressing and comparing the toxicity of chemicals. The LD50 values are usually determined by testing the chemicals on rats, mice, and other animals. The most common unit used for LD50 values is milligrams of chemical per kilogram of test animal (mg/kg or ppm).