Final answer:
The mice separated by the construction of a new road are considered allopatric populations. This form of geographical separation can lead to allopatric speciation, where each population becomes genetically distinct over time due to the lack of gene flow and differing environmental pressures.
Step-by-step explanation:
Mice that have been separated into two populations by a new road through their range are considered allopatric populations. This type of speciation, known as allopatric speciation, occurs when geographical separation, like the construction of a road, divides a single population and prevents gene flow between the two groups. Over time, these populations may evolve divergent traits due to genetic drift, natural selection, or mutations, potentially leading to the formation of new species. Examples of allopatric speciation include the northern spotted owls and the Mexican spotted owls, which have developed significant genetic differences after being separated, possibly by historical glacial events.
Allopatric speciation is contrasted with sympatric speciation, where speciation occurs within a single geographic location. The key to allopatric speciation is habitat isolation, which leads to reproductive isolation and genetic independence between the two populations. Barriers such as rivers, lakes, or roads can effectively create such isolation, setting the stage for allopatric speciation.