Final answer:
The claim that all mutations, including silent mutations, affect protein function is false. Silent mutations do not alter the amino acid sequence of a protein due to the genetic code's redundancy. In contrast, nonsense and frameshift mutations can profoundly impact protein function. option b is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that all mutation changes in DNA including silent mutations result in changes in the translated protein that have a noticeable effect on the protein function is false. Silent mutations can occur when a change in the nucleotide sequence does not result in a change in the amino acid sequence of a protein.
This is due to the redundancy of the genetic code, where multiple codons can encode the same amino acid. Therefore, a silent mutation does not affect the structure or function of the translated protein and will not be detectable unless the gene is sequenced.
On the other hand, other types of mutations such as nonsense mutations or frameshift mutations can have a significant impact on protein structure and function. A nonsense mutation converts an amino acid codon into a stop codon, likely resulting in a truncated and often nonfunctional protein.
Frameshift mutations, caused by insertions or deletions, can alter the reading frame and lead to a completely different amino acid sequence downstream of the mutation, often resulting in nonfunctional proteins.
In summary, while mutations can have a serious effect on protein function, not all mutations, including silent mutations, result in functional changes in the translated proteins.