1. Apartheid Policies:
- The National Party implemented apartheid, a system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination. This led to widespread human rights abuses, economic disparities, and social injustice.
2. Oppression and Resistance:
- Apartheid policies oppressed the majority black population, leading to resistance movements and protests, both within South Africa and internationally. Organizations such as the ANC, the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC), and others played significant roles in the struggle against apartheid.
3. International Isolation:
- South Africa faced international condemnation and isolation due to its apartheid policies. This resulted in economic sanctions, cultural boycotts, and diplomatic pressure from the international community.
4. Violence and Repression:
- The National Party's rule was marked by violent crackdowns on protests and opposition, leading to significant loss of life. The government employed harsh security measures to maintain control.
5. Transition to Democracy:
- The end of the National Party's rule marked a transition to democracy in South Africa. Negotiations led by figures like Nelson Mandela resulted in the dismantling of apartheid, the release of political prisoners, and the establishment of democratic elections.
6. Truth and Reconciliation:
- After apartheid ended, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) was established to address the atrocities committed during the apartheid era. This process aimed at promoting national healing and reconciliation.