Final Answer:
The motivation approach in which behavior is explained in terms of the external stimulus and its rewarding properties is the behaviorist perspective.
Step-by-step explanation:
The behaviorist perspective is a psychological approach that explains behavior through observable external stimuli and their reinforcing or rewarding properties. According to behaviorism, behavior is learned through associations between stimuli and responses, with reinforcement playing a crucial role. This perspective, pioneered by psychologists such as B.F. Skinner, emphasizes the influence of the environment on shaping and maintaining behavior.
In behaviorism, the focus is on how external stimuli, such as rewards or punishments, influence the likelihood of a behavior occurring again. Positive reinforcement involves adding a rewarding stimulus to strengthen a behavior, while negative reinforcement involves removing an aversive stimulus. Punishment, on the other hand, aims to decrease the likelihood of a behavior by introducing an aversive consequence. Through these principles, behaviorists seek to understand and predict behavior based on environmental stimuli and their reinforcing properties.
The behaviorist perspective has been influential in areas such as education, where the principles of reinforcement are applied to promote learning and shape behavior. While behaviorism has been critiqued for its emphasis on external factors and neglect of internal cognitive processes, it remains a foundational perspective in the study of human and animal behavior.