Final answer:
Prostaglandins, derived from arachidonic acid, cause vasodilation and pain during the inflammatory response. They interact with various bodily functions and their production can be inhibited by NSAIDs, which help relieve pain.
Step-by-step explanation:
Prostaglandins are produced from arachidonic acid and cause vasodilation and pain. They are involved in various body functions including blood pressure regulation, inflammation, and the induction of labor in pregnant women. Prostaglandins are lipid compounds that act in a similar way to hormones and are synthesized through the action of enzymes such as cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) and prostaglandin synthase.
Upon tissue injury, prostaglandins released by damaged cells and other sources like phagocytes and basophils, lead to the relaxation of vascular smooth muscle resulting in vasodilation. This process contributes to the redness and heat observed during inflammation. They are also responsible for activating pain neurons, causing the pain associated with inflammation. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, help relieve pain by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins.