Final answer:
The prolonged administration of glucocorticoids such as prednisone causes atrophy of lymphoid tissue and decreased protein synthesis, which affects the immune system and bodily functions. While long-term use decreases resistance to infection, it does not typically cause thrombocytopenia. Hence, the correct answer is c. 1, 4.
Step-by-step explanation:
Prolonged administration of glucocorticoids such as prednisone may cause several effects on the body, particularly on the immune system and metabolism. These substances, which include corticosteroid hormones, are used to reduce inflammation and treat ailments like asthma and arthritis. However, long-term usage can lead to several adverse effects.
Effects on the Immune System
Glucocorticoids like prednisone can lead to atrophy of lymphoid tissue, which is part of the immune system, thus reducing its ability to fight infections. In contrast, it does not increase resistance to infection but rather decreases it due to immunosuppressive effects. Additionally, these hormones can cause a decrease in protein synthesis, affecting various bodily functions.
Effects on Blood Composition
Regarding the option of thrombocytopenia (a condition with an abnormally low number of platelets in the blood), there is no direct association with glucocorticoid treatment mentioned in the reference material. While other blood-related side effects may occur, thrombocytopenia is not commonly cited as one of them.
Therefore, the correct answer to the question would be: c. 1, 4, as these reflect the known effects of long-term administration of glucocorticoids.