Final answer:
Hyperpolarization occurs when anion channels open and the membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential, following depolarization and repolarization events in an action potential. The correct option is A.
Step-by-step explanation:
When anion channels open and cause the membrane potential to become more negative, this process is known as hyperpolarization. During an action potential, initially, sodium ion channels open, allowing Na+ ions to enter the cell, leading to depolarization, where the membrane potential becomes less negative. Once the inside of the cell becomes positively charged enough, potassium ion channels then open, allowing K+ ions to exit the cell, leading to the repolarization of the membrane.
Finally, if additional anion channels open and the membrane potential surpasses the resting potential, the cell undergoes hyperpolarization. The opening of anion channels, causing the membrane potential to become more negative, is called hyperpolarization. Hyperpolarization refers to an increase in the negative charge across the cell membrane, making it more difficult for the cell to generate an action potential. This is in contrast to depolarization, which is a decrease in the negative charge and makes it easier for the cell to generate an action potential.