Final answer:
Neurons that relay information within the CNS and are the location of information processing are called interneurons (Option B). Interneurons are neurons within the CNS responsible for relaying information and processing data between sensory neurons and motor neurons.
Step-by-step explanation:
These important cells connect sensory neurons, which carry information to the CNS, to motor neurons, which carry commands from the CNS to the muscles and glands.
Interneurons are essential for the integration and processing of sensory input and motor output.
Not to be confused with motor neurons, which are also known as efferent neurons, interneurons do not convey signals directly to muscles or glands.
Instead, motor neurons carry impulses from the central nervous system to effector organs.
Sensory neurons, also referred to as afferent neurons, are responsible for carrying nerve impulses from sensory receptors towards the CNS.
Hence, the correct answer is: interneurons (Option B).