Final answer:
Sexual reproduction offers higher genetic diversity and adaptability to environmental changes, while asexual reproduction allows for rapid population growth but limited genetic variation. Despite its higher resource cost, sexual reproduction is common due to its long-term evolutionary benefits.
Step-by-step explanation:
In comparing a population that reproduces sexually with one that reproduces asexually, we expect to see significant differences in their genetic diversity and evolutionary potential. Sexual reproduction involves the combination of genetic material from two individuals, resulting in offspring with a mix of genetic traits. This can provide a greater chance of survival in changing environments due to the higher genetic diversity, which can contribute to the overall fitness of the population.
Asexual reproduction, on the other hand, produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent. This can be advantageous in stable environments where the parent's traits are already well-suited for survival. However, such populations rely solely on mutations for genetic variation, which occurs at a much lower rate than the genetic mixing seen in sexual reproduction. Over time, this can lead to reduced adaptability and may hinder the species' ability to evolve in the face of environmental changes.
While asexual organisms can theoretically grow their populations faster since every individual can reproduce, sexually reproducing species benefit from the reshuffling of genetic variations that increases the resilience and adaptability of the population. Therefore, despite the energy and resources spent on mate attraction and the fact that only half the population produces offspring, sexual reproduction is common because it enhances survival rates and potential for evolving in an ever-changing world.