Final answer:
The correct compound released when E. Huxley infects plankton, resulting in enhanced cloud formation, is dimethyl sulfide (DMS), which is a breakdown product of DMSP consumed by bacteria. Therefore , the correct answer options is d)
Step-by-step explanation:
When the marine virus E. Huxley infects phytoplankton such as dinoflagellates and coccolithophores, these organisms release dimethyl sulfide (DMS) into the atmosphere as a result of the breakdown of dimethyl sulfoniopropionate (DMSP).
This is due to bacteria consuming DMSP, which is significant not only in terms of nutrients but also for producing DMS. Amongst the options presented, dimethyl sulfide (not to be confused with DMSO) is the compound linked to enhanced cloud formation. It has a role in climate regulation since it contributes to cloud formation, which in turn can affect the Earth's temperature by changing the atmospheric albedo.
Therefore, the correct answer to the question is DMS.