Final answer:
Igor Stravinsky was a student of composer Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, who influenced the avant-garde style evident in Stravinsky's famous works such as The Rite of Spring.
Step-by-step explanation:
Igor Stravinsky, a renowned Russian composer famous for works such as The Rite of Spring, studied composition with Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. Stravinsky's compositions, like The Rite of Spring which depicted the ancient Scythians' fertility rites, often caused a stir and were considered quite avant-garde at the time they were presented. His teacher, Rimsky-Korsakov, was a member of the group of composers known as 'The Five' and was known for his rich orchestral textures and harmonies, which had a significant influence on Stravinsky's early compositions.
In contrast, Arnold Schoenberg, an Austrian composer mentioned for his atonality and twelve-tone scale, was also a progressive force in the music world but he had no teacher-student relationship with Stravinsky. Other composers like Maurice Ravel and Claude Debussy were part of the broader impressionist movement and also influenced Stravinsky indirectly, as did his Russian contemporary Sergei Diaghilev, with whom he collaborated closely. Nonetheless, it was Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov who served as Stravinsky’s primary composition instructor.