Final answer:
The prefix 'neuro-' refers to nerves or the nervous system. Glial cells, such as astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, support neurons, while the function of a synapse is to facilitate communication between neurons through chemical or electrical signals.
Step-by-step explanation:
The combining form neuro- refers to nerves or the nervous system. In medical terminology, the prefix neuro- is often used to create words that relate to neurological structures, conditions, or professions, such as neurology or neurosurgeon.
There are several types of cells associated with neurons, the most notable being glial cells. Glial cells support neurons both structurally and functionally. Among the various functions glial cells perform, they supply nutrients to neurons, maintain the ionic balance within the nervous system, and play a role in the repair process following injury. Astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells are examples of glial cells, each with unique roles, such as modulating neurotransmission, providing immune support, forming myelin, and aiding in the regeneration of nervous tissue.
The structure of a synapse consists of a presynaptic ending that contains neurotransmitters, mitochondria, and other cell organelles; a synaptic cleft, which is the gap between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons; and a postsynaptic ending that contains receptor sites for neurotransmitters. The function of a synapse is to transmit electrical or chemical signals between neurons, allowing for communication throughout the nervous system.