Final answer:
Transitional epithelial cells are unique to the urinary system, adapting their shape as the bladder fills and empties. They allow the bladder to transition from a thick to a thin layer to accommodate varying volumes of urine. The false statement in the question is that simple columnar epithelial cells line the lung tissue; they actually line the small intestine.
Step-by-step explanation:
Types of Epithelial Cells in Urine
Among the different types of epithelial cells found in the human body, transitional epithelia, also known as uroepithelial cells, play a unique role within the urinary system. These cells, which are primarily located in the bladder and ureter, are capable of adapting their shape based on the fullness of the bladder.
Transitional epithelial cells form a stratified layer that appears to be piled up when the bladder is empty. As the bladder gets filled with urine, these cells stretch out, making the epithelial layer unfold and become thinner. This property allows the bladder to hold varying volumes of urine, with the tissue transitioning from a thick to a thin appearance depending on the bladder's state.
For example, when the bladder is not filled with urine, the transitional epithelium is convoluted, presenting cuboidal-shaped apical cells. As the bladder fills, however, the epithelium smooths out and the apical cells become more squamous in shape. This process is essential, allowing the organs in the urinary system to expand and contract, thereby enabling urine to collect and pass through without damage to the lining.
Referring to the given question on epithelial cells, the false statement is (a) as simple columnar epithelial cells do not line the tissue of the lung; rather, they are found in the small intestine, where their microvilli increase surface area for absorption. Other types mentioned, such as simple cuboidal epithelial cells and pseudostratified columnar epithelia, are correctly associated with their respective functions and locations in the body.