Final Answer:
The epidermal layer responsible for skin color is Stratum basale. The option C. is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
This is the layer of the epidermis where melanocytes are primarily located, and melanocytes are responsible for producing the pigment melanin, which contributes to skin color. The other layers mentioned (a) Stratum spinosum, (b) Stratum corneum, and (d) Stratum lucidum, do not play a direct role in melanin production.
The Stratum basale, or basal layer, is the deepest layer of the epidermis and is in direct contact with the underlying dermis. It contains actively dividing cells, including melanocytes, which produce melanin through a process called melanogenesis. Melanin absorbs UV radiation from the sun, providing protection to the skin and determining its color. The more melanin produced, the darker the skin color.
Understanding the specific functions of each epidermal layer is crucial in comprehending the physiological processes that occur in the skin. In this case, the Stratum basale's role in housing melanocytes and facilitating melanin production elucidates its significance in influencing skin pigmentation. Therefore option C. is correct.