Final answer:
The urethra connects the bladder to the outside of a woman's body, and in males, the only structure related exclusively to the urinary system, not the reproductive system, is the urinary bladder.
Step-by-step explanation:
The urethra is the structure that connects the bladder to the outside of a woman's body. This tubular tract allows for the disposal of urine. In the female anatomy, the urethra is significantly shorter than in the male anatomy, and unlike in males, it only carries urine. Therefore, the correct answer is b) Urethra.
As for the related question regarding male anatomy, the structure that is only related to the male urinary system and not the reproductive system is a. urinary bladder. The cowper's gland and bulbourethral gland, both mentioned as options b and c, are involved in the reproductive system as they assist in the production and release of semen. The urethra in males serves both urinary and reproductive functions.