Final answer:
The term for heightened self-consciousness in adolescents is adolescent egocentrism, which is associated with self-focused attention and the belief that others are as concerned with their appearance and actions as they are.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that refers to a heightened self-consciousness of adolescents is D) adolescent egocentrism. Adolescent egocentrism is a stage where teenagers are overly focused on themselves and how they are perceived by others. This stage often includes the belief that others are as attentive to their behaviors and appearance as they are, leading to phenomena like the imaginary audience, where they believe that everyone is watching them, and the personal fable, where they think they are unique and invincible.
Erikson's theory of psychosocial development highlights that the main task of adolescence is developing a sense of self, often referred to as identity versus role confusion. Adolescents are frequently asking themselves "Who am I?" and "Who do I want to be?" Consequently, they may experiment with different roles and behaviors as they develop their own identities, separate from their parents yet sometimes influenced by peers.