Final answer:
The codon that marks the beginning of protein synthesis is recognized by initiation factors. This process is essential for the proper synthesis of proteins in cells. (option d is the correct answer).
Step-by-step explanation:
During the initiation phase of protein synthesis, a specific codon called the start codon (AUG) on the mRNA serves as the signal for the assembly of the translation machinery. Initiation factors are proteins that recognize and bind to the start codon, facilitating the recruitment of the small ribosomal subunit, initiator tRNA, and other components necessary for the initiation of translation.
This interaction between initiation factors and the start codon ensures the proper positioning of the ribosome and the initiation of protein synthesis at the correct site on the mRNA.
The recognition of the start codon by initiation factors is a critical step in the initiation of protein synthesis, ensuring the faithful translation of genetic information into functional proteins. This finely tuned process is essential for cellular function and the accurate expression of the genetic code.