Final answer:
The most challenging obstacle for ex-prisoners reintegrating into society is the stigma attached to their criminal status, which leads to significant employment difficulties and perpetuates a cycle of poverty and social exclusion. The correct option is b) Stigma attached to their criminal status
Step-by-step explanation:
Ex-prisoners face numerous challenges when reintegrating into society, but the most stubborn obstacle is often the stigma attached to their criminal status.
This stigma can lead to a lack of employment opportunities, as many companies avoid hiring individuals with a criminal record, which sustains a cycle of poverty and social stagnation.
Additionally, the social bonds formed in prison are lost upon release, leaving ex-prisoners feeling disconnected from the community.
Programs such as the "Ban the Box" campaign have attempted to address these issues by reducing the initial employment barriers, but they sometimes fail to eliminate the bias against former offenders.
Thus, while broken ties to the community, lack of education, and cultural value differences pose significant challenges, the enduring stigma, and resultant unemployment remain primary impediments. The correct option is b) Stigma attached to their criminal status