Final answer:
In the case of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome, the nurse would prepare to initiate an intravenous infusion of normal saline to correct severe dehydration and stabilize the patient.
Step-by-step explanation:
If a client is brought to the emergency department in an unresponsive state, and a diagnosis of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome is made, the nurse would most likely be expected to prepare to initiate an intravenous infusion of normal saline. This is because hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome involves severe dehydration on top of blood glucose levels that are dangerously high. To treat this, rehydration is essential, and it is commonly achieved using fluids that are isotonic with respect to body fluids. An isotonic saline solution, such as 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline), is often chosen for this purpose, as it works to replenish fluid volumes without causing further shifts in the patient's electrolyte balance.
In cases such as poorly controlled diabetes mellitus resulting in hyperglycemia, glucose acts as an osmotic diuretic, leading to severe dehydration. The primary treatment in such a case includes fluid replacement, particularly with isotonic saline, to gradually reduce blood glucose levels and correct dehydration.
Therefore, the nurse would prepare an intravenous infusion of normal saline as per the health care provider's prescription to correct dehydration and stabilize the patient.