Final answer:
Needle stick injuries in healthcare can pose a risk of HIV transmission, but appropriate precautions and protocols can minimize the risk.
Step-by-step explanation:
Needle stick injuries can occur when healthcare workers are exposed to contaminated needles or sharp objects. In the case of a nurse sustaining a needle stick injury while caring for an HIV positive patient, there is a potential risk of HIV transmission. However, the risk of transmission through a needle stick injury is relatively low, estimated to be around 0.3%. Immediate actions should be taken, such as washing the affected area with soap and water, reporting the incident, and seeking medical advice. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) medication may be prescribed to reduce the risk of HIV infection. It is essential for healthcare workers to take appropriate precautions to prevent such injuries and to follow the recommended protocols for handling potential exposures.