Final answer:
Ne, F-, and Mg2+ are all examples of isotopes or ions, related to their nuclear and electronic structures. Nuclide notations are given for specific proton, neutron, and electron numbers, and the density of a magnesium nucleus is calculated using its mass and the formula for the volume of a sphere.
Step-by-step explanation:
Isotopes and Ions
The elements provided - 20Ne, 19F-, and 24Mg2+ - all represent isotopes or ions of their respective elements. Ne (neon) and Mg (magnesium) are isotopes, while F- (fluoride) is an ion. These notations relate to their nuclear and electronic structure. For example, 20Ne denotes neon with a mass number of 20, 19F- is fluorine with an extra electron giving it a negative charge, and 24Mg2+ is a magnesium ion with a 2+ charge indicating it has lost two electrons.
For question 5 part (a), the nuclide notation for an atom with 25 protons, 20 neutrons, and 24 electrons is 45Mn+1. For part (b), the notation is 69Tc2-. For part (c), the atomic notation is 142I. For part (d), the nuclide notation for an atom with 97 protons, 146 neutrons, and 97 electrons is 243Bk.
When calculating the density of the 24Mg nucleus, we need to use the mass of magnesium-24 (approximately 24 u, with 1u = 1.66054 x 10^-24 grams) and the volume of a sphere with a diameter of 1 x 10^-13 cm. The principal differences between nuclear reactions and ordinary chemical changes are that nuclear reactions change the identity of an element while chemical reactions do not, and nuclear reactions involve a change in the nucleus and typically much larger energies than chemical rea