Final answer:
Option d refers to centralized systems which monitor and control industrial sites, or complexes of systems spread out over large areas.
Step-by-step explanation:
The option that refers to centralized systems which monitor and control industrial sites, or complexes of systems spread out over large areas is option d. This option refers to the web of multinational corporations that exert varying degrees of control over individual world governments and international organizations. These corporations have the capabilities to monitor and control industrial sites and systems in a centralized manner, even if they are spread out over large areas.