The changes in borders shown on these maps are Germany and Austria-Hungary were defeated in World War I. The first option is the correct option.
The Breakdown
The maps show the political borders of Europe in 1914 and 1920, which corresponds to the aftermath of World War I. The changes in borders are primarily a result of the defeat of Germany and Austria-Hungary in the war. The Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919, imposed significant territorial losses on these two countries. Germany lost territories in the east and west, including Alsace-Lorraine, parts of Prussia, and the Saar region. Austria-Hungary was dissolved, and new countries such as Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and Poland emerged from its former territories.