Final answer:
There is a 50 percent chance that a human zygote will receive one X and one Y chromosome during fertilization, as the father has a 50:50 chance of passing on his X or Y chromosome to his offspring. Therefore , the correct answer options is d)
Step-by-step explanation:
The chance that a human zygote will receive one X and one Y sex chromosome during fertilization is d. 50 percent. This is because the mother can only pass on an X chromosome, while the father can pass on either an X or a Y chromosome, making him responsible for determining the sex of the baby. Every sperm cell from the father has a 50 percent chance of carrying either chromosome. Therefore, there is a 50 percent chance that a child will be male (with one X and one Y chromosome) and likewise a 50 percent chance that a child will be female (with two X chromosomes).