Final answer:
The settlement house movement, which aimed to provide services like childcare and healthcare to the urban poor, was the American urban movement established to assist the poor, with notable examples being Hull House and Henry Street Settlement. Option b is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
The American urban movement established to assist the poor is known as the settlement house movement. This progressive reform movement, propelled mainly by women like Jane Addams and Lillian Wald, aimed to support working-class city dwellers by providing services such as childcare, education, and free healthcare.
Not driven by religious motives, they founded settlement houses in urban areas to help the urban poor directly, with the most notable examples being Hull House in Chicago and Henry Street Settlement in New York. These institutions spread to other cities as well, offering not just aid but also employment opportunities for graduates in the burgeoning field of social work.
Overall, the settlement house movement, as part of the broader Progressive Era, was instrumental in addressing the brutal living conditions of the urban working class and providing much-needed relief and social services to impoverished communities.