Final answer:
Roman engineering, through the construction of aqueducts, effectively met the essential urban need of providing clean water to the population. the correct option is (D).
Step-by-step explanation:
The structure made possible by Roman engineering that addressed the essential urban need of clean water was the aqueduct. Aqueducts were sophisticated water supply systems designed by the Romans to transport fresh water from distant sources to urban centers. These structures utilized a combination of gravity and engineering ingenuity to bring clean water to cities for various purposes, including drinking, bathing, and sanitation.
While efficient transportation (Option A), sufficient food (Option B), and reliable communications (Option C) are indeed important aspects of urban life, the aqueducts specifically catered to the provision of clean water, making Option D the correct answer in this context.
Roman engineering, through the construction of aqueducts, effectively met the essential urban need of providing clean water to the population.