Final answer:
The endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes is the rough endoplasmic reticulum, responsible for protein synthesis and transport in the cell. (option b (rough) is the correct answer).
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of endoplasmic reticulum that is studded with ribosomes and has a bumpy appearance under a microscope is referred to as the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The RER is responsible for the synthesis of proteins, which are either destined for the cell membrane, secretion outside the cell, or for specific organelles within the cell. These newly synthesized proteins are transported from the RER in small sacs called transport vesicles, which pinch off the ends of the ER.
The presence of ribosomes on the outer surface of the endoplasmic reticulum signifies that it is the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The ribosomes on the RER are involved in the synthesis of proteins that are either secreted from the cell or incorporated into cell membranes. This rough appearance is due to the ribosomes studying the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
Identifying the rough endoplasmic reticulum based on the presence of ribosomes is crucial for understanding its role in protein synthesis. The rough endoplasmic reticulum plays a key role in the synthesis and processing of proteins within the cell.