Final answer:
The goal of the Union campaign against Vicksburg was to cut the Confederacy off from critical supplies from the west and gain control over the Mississippi River, thereby splitting the Confederacy geographically. The siege led to Vicksburg's surrender, marking a pivotal moment in the Civil War and confirming General Grant's strategic acumen. Option b is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
One goal of the Union campaign against Vicksburg was to cut the Confederacy off from critical supplies from the west. This strategic move would enable the Union to maintain control over the Mississippi River and effectively split the Confederacy in two, undermining its ability to sustain the war effort. By encircling the city and commencing a siege, Union forces under General Ulysses S. Grant aimed at causing Vicksburg to surrender through starvation rather than a direct assault, minimizing Union casualties. The successful siege of Vicksburg was a turning point in the Civil War, dealing a significant blow to the Confederacy and enhancing Grant's reputation as a strong military leader.
During the campaign, Union forces sought to gain complete control over the river, which was vital for transportation and trade. Once Vicksburg fell, the Confederacy would be divided along the Mississippi, severely weakening its position. The successful siege of Vicksburg also held symbolic value, demonstrating the Union's capacity to encircle and reduce a stronghold that was once thought impregnable. This victory, along with the defeat of Confederate General Lee at Gettysburg, signaled a shift in the war's momentum towards the Union side.
The correct option that represents one goal of the Union campaign against Vicksburg is B. to cut the Confederacy off from critical supplies from the west.