Final answer:
The theories emerged in the following order: psychodynamic, behaviorism, humanistic, and cognitivism, with cognitivism marking the cognitive revolution that returned the focus of psychology to internal mental processes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct chronological order of the emergence of psychological theories, from earliest to latest, is psychodynamic, behaviorism, humanistic, and cognitivism. The psychodynamic perspective, founded by Freud, places emphasis on unconscious processes and internal conflicts.
It emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Following that, behaviorism became prominent, particularly in the early 20th century, prioritizing observable and measurable behaviors over internal mental states. By the middle of the 20th century, the humanistic approach began as a response to the perceived limitations of both psychodynamic and behavioral perspectives, highlighting the potential for innate goodness and personal growth within individuals. Finally, the cognitivism or cognitive revolution arose during the 1950s and 1960s, bringing the focus back to internal mental processes.
The correct order of the theories' emergence is: psychodynamic, behaviorism, humanistic, cognitivism, which is appropriately reflected in the third option provided.