Final answer:
Dr. Nowak is questioning the test's validity, suggesting that it assesses short-term memory rather than mathematical ability, as evidence suggests it does not measure what it claims to accurately.
Step-by-step explanation:
Dr. Nowak is questioning the test’s validity. Validity refers to how well a test measures what it is supposed to measure. In the context of the question, Dr. Nowak believes that the test, which claims to measure mathematical ability, does not actually assess one's mathematical aptitude but instead measures a skill that could be more closely associated with short-term memory, as it involves the ability to memorize strings of numbers. The answer is D. Validity.
Therefore, according to Dr. Nowak, the test does not have the validity to assert it is an accurate measure of mathematical ability.
It's important to consider that intelligence tests, aptitude tests, and achievement tests should align with the constructs they aim to measure to ensure they provide valuable and accurate information about a person's capabilities. When a test lacks validity, it cannot be relied upon to assess the specific abilities it claims to evaluate, leading to potential misunderstandings and misrepresentations of an individual's true proficiencies.