Final answer:
A proportional drawing of an object is called a scale drawing, which uses a unit scale to keep the proportion of the drawing accurate to the original object or concept. Scale and proportion are used by artists to maintain realism or to artistically manipulate perception.
Step-by-step explanation:
A proportional drawing of an object is known as a scale drawing. Scale drawings use a unit scale to represent the actual object with smaller, manageable sizes while preserving the proportion between various parts of the object and the object as a whole.
This technique ensures that each element of the drawing is in proportion to the others, so that the relationships of size and geometry are maintained accurately.
Scale and proportion are critically important for artists and designers in creating artwork that has a realistic or deliberately exaggerated spatial relationship.
For instance, if an artist is creating a scale model of a building, they will use a predetermined ratio to ensure that every element of that model is proportionate to the actual building. Proportion and scale are also used by artists to manipulate the viewer's perception, create focal points, or suggest movement within the artwork.