Final answer:
Moral standards are concerned with behaviors that significantly affect human welfare, making the statement true. Normative ethics includes consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics, which provide frameworks for determining moral behavior.
Step-by-step explanation:
Moral standards do indeed concern behaviour that can be of serious consequence to human welfare; thus, the answer to the student's question is A) True. Morality is deeply integrated into how we interact with one another and is considered a social phenomenon. Without some sense of morality, it would be difficult for large numbers of humans to coexist peacefully. Normative ethics is a branch of philosophy that attempts to outline how we should act by identifying standards and norms guiding correct behavior. This includes various approaches such as consequentialism, which determines the morality of an action by its outcomes; deontology, which defines morality based on adherence to rules and duties; and virtue ethics, which emphasizes character and moral virtues.
For example, in consequentialism, actions are considered morally right if they produce the greatest happiness for the greatest number, a view supported by philosophers like Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. Deontology, on the other hand, might consider an action right if it adheres to a moral rule, such as 'it is always wrong to lie,' regardless of the consequences.