Final answer:
It is true that electromagnetic waves do not need a medium to transfer energy; they can travel through the vacuum of space, contrary to mechanical waves like sound and water waves that require a medium. The correct answer is option a. true
Step-by-step explanation:
Electromagnetic waves, such as gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet waves, visible light, infrared waves, microwaves, and radio waves, do not require a medium to propagate. This means that electromagnetic waves do not need a material substance through which to travel; they can transfer energy through the vacuum of space. Unlike mechanical waves, which include sound and water waves and require a medium like air or water to travel, electromagnetic waves are able to propagate because the electric and magnetic fields they consist of are able to generate each other and move independently of a medium.
Essential Knowledge 6.F.2 from AP Physics states that electromagnetic waves can transmit energy through a medium and through a vacuum. This is exemplified by how light from distant stars travels through the vast emptiness of space to reach Earth. It's also important to note that all electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed in a vacuum, the speed of light, which is approximately 2.99792458 × 108 m/s.
In conclusion, to answer the original question: Electromagnetic waves do not need medium to transfer energy. Therefore, the correct response is true, electromagnetic waves do not require any medium to propagate.