Final answer:
The Hardy-Weinberg equation requires a population to have no mutation, no migration, a large population size, random mating, and no natural selection to calculate genetic variation accurately. option b is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The conditions that must exist in a population to use the Hardy-Weinberg equation for calculating genetic variation are specific. The population must meet the following conditions:
No mutation occurring in the DNA sequence to keep the genetic code stable.
No migration (gene flow) into or out of the population.
A very large population size, to minimize the statistical fluctuations due to genetic drift.
Random mating must occur, ensuring every individual has an equal chance of passing on their alleles.
No natural selection, meaning that all traits must equally promote survival and reproduction.
Thus, options such as immigration or the requirement that all organisms must reproduce are not specific conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. A population that meets these requirements is considered to be in equilibrium and, theoretically, its allele and genotype frequencies will remain constant over time unless disturbed by evolutionary forces.