Final answer:
The crop rotation method was invented in Mesopotamia and later spread to Europe, contributing significantly to increased food production. This invention, along with others such as the metal plow and irrigation, revolutionized agriculture which spread globally, although agriculture itself developed independently in various regions around the world. Correct answer is a.
Step-by-step explanation:
Correct answer is a. Humans were able to dramatically increase food production due to the crop rotation method invented in Mesopotamia; it later spread to Europe. Crop rotation involved planting different kinds of crops in a field each year and letting fields lie fallow periodically to replenish nutrients. This method helped prevent soil depletion and increased agricultural yields. Mesopotamia is also known for the development of irrigation systems, which, alongside the metal plow, revolutionized farming and allowed humans to cultivate in more varied terrains. These agricultural techniques spread across the world, influencing farming practices in many civilizations.
The concept of agriculture, however, was not limited to Mesopotamia. It independently arose in various regions worldwide, including the Fertile Crescent, northern China, and the Americas, each developing agriculture based on local crops and conditions. This led to the domestication of a diverse range of staple crops that form the basis of the world's food supply today.
The crop rotation method was invented in Mesopotamia, which is present-day Iraq, and it later spread to Europe. Crop rotation is the process of planting a different kind of crop in a field each year, allowing the soil to replenish its nutrients. This method greatly increased food production by improving soil fertility and reducing pests and diseases.