Final answer:
The James-Lange theory suggests physiological response precedes emotion, Cannon-Bard argues that response and emotion are simultaneous, and Schachter-Singer emphasizes the combination of physiological arousal and cognitive appraisal in emotional experiences. C the correct answer focuses on how these theories differ in their sequence of events in emotional experiences.
Step-by-step explanation:
The James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, and Schachter-Singer two-factor theories of emotions each propose different mechanisms behind how emotions are experienced. The James-Lange theory suggests that physiological arousal precedes and informs the emotional experience. For example, upon seeing a venomous snake, your heart races, and then you feel fear. In contrast, the Cannon-Bard theory posits that physiological arousal and the emotional experience occur simultaneously and independently. This means that when encountering the snake, your heart would race at the same time that you experience fear, without one causing the other. Lastly, the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory combines both physiological arousal and cognitive appraisal. This theory would suggest that your racing heart could be interpreted differently depending on the situation, and in the context of seeing a snake, it would likely be labeled as fear, leading to the emotional experience of fear.
The theories differ in their views on physiological response, their emphasis on cognitive appraisal, and the sequence of events in emotional experiences. However, none of the theories exclude psychological factors in emotion; instead, they offer different perspectives on how these psychological factors interact with physiology and cognition.
The mentioned correct option in the final answer, addressing the differences among the theories, would be (c) In their consideration of the sequence of events in emotional experiences.