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When the conditions for inference are met, which of the following statements is correct?

a) When the test p-value is very small, the data provide strong evidence in support of the alternative hypothesis.
b) When the test p-value is very large, the data provide strong evidence in support of the null hypothesis.
c) The only relevant thing about the test p-value is whether it is less than 0.05.

User Yuberkis
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The statement a) When the test p-value is very small, the data provide strong evidence in support of the alternative hypothesis is correct .

When the conditions for inference are met, the correct statement is:

a) When the test p-value is very small, the data provide strong evidence in support of the alternative hypothesis.

In statistical hypothesis testing, the p-value is a measure of the evidence against a null hypothesis.

The null hypothesis typically represents a default or no-effect assumption, while the alternative hypothesis represents what the researcher aims to show.

A small p-value suggests that the observed data is unlikely under the assumption of the null hypothesis, providing support for rejecting the null hypothesis in favor of the alternative.

A common significance level, often set at 0.05, is used to determine whether the evidence against the null hypothesis is strong enough.

If the p-value is less than the chosen significance level, the null hypothesis is rejected, and the alternative hypothesis is supported.

Therefore, a small p-value indicates that the data provide strong evidence against the null hypothesis, supporting the alternative hypothesis.

It's important to note that the interpretation of p-values should be done in conjunction with other considerations, such as effect size and study design, to draw meaningful conclusions from statistical analyses.

User Sednus
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