Final answer:
The process through which one becomes a citizen is naturalization, as established by Congress under the U.S. Constitution. It entails meeting specific criteria before applying for citizenship, aside from obtaining it by birth in the U.S. or to U.S. citizen-parents. A is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process through which one becomes a citizen is naturalization. This process is outlined in Section 8 Clause 4 of the U.S. Constitution, giving Congress the power to establish a system for immigrants to become American citizens.
The naturalization process involves meeting certain criteria before a noncitizen can apply for U.S. citizenship, such as residing in the U.S. for a specified period, demonstrating good moral character, and having a basic understanding of U.S. history and government.
It is important to note that individuals may also become citizens by being born in the United States or to U.S. citizen-parents, a principle highlighted in Section 1 of the 14th Amendment. Neither implied powers, bankruptcy, nor eminent domain involve the process of becoming a citizen. Therefore, the mentioned correct option in the final answer is a. Naturalization.