Final answer:
Density and refractive index are physical properties used to identify and analyze glass by comparing the composition and optical properties of different types of glass. Option B is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The physical properties of density and refractive index are used to identify and analyze various materials. Density is a characteristic of matter, defined as the mass per unit volume of a substance, and is an intensive property that does not depend on the sample size.
It is especially useful as it can provide insight into the composition of a material as well as its phase (solid, liquid, gas) and substructure. For example, gold has a higher density compared to iron, which in turn has a higher density than aluminum.
The refractive index, on the other hand, measures how much light is bent, or refracted, when entering a material. This optical property is essential in identifying different types of materials, especially glass, as each type of glass will have a unique refractive index.
So, when it comes to the options provided in the question, 'b. Glass' is the material for which the physical properties of density and refractive index are commonly used for identification and analysis. The density of glass can be compared amongst different types of glass to infer composition, while refractive index can differentiate between different types of glass in forensic analysis and quality control in manufacturing.