Final answer:
The matrix organization structure (option c) is where team leaders are used instead of department heads to focus on projects, which aligns with recent trends in flat organizational structures and collaborative teamwork.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the student's question is 'c. Matrix organization structure'. In a matrix organization, team leaders are typically appointed instead of traditional department heads to assemble employees from different departments to collaborate on various projects. This structure allows for more flexibility and agility in responding to changes or completing specific tasks, as it combines elements of both functional and divisional structures. The matrix organization is designed to facilitate better communication and collaboration, allowing for a broader range of expertise to be applied to each project.
Many organizations are flattening their hierarchies and moving towards teamwork and a collegial atmosphere, where even entry-level employees' feedback is valued. The goal of such teamwork is to rapidly respond to the changing business environment, including technology advancements and globalization. However, the effectiveness of teams can vary, and their productivity is an active area of research.