Final answer:
The underlined dependent clause acts as a noun as it gives additional information about 'anyone in our ranks' and serves as the object of the preposition 'from' in the larger sentence structure. Option C is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
The underlined dependent clause in the sentence "From now on, when anyone in our ranks who has done some useful work dies, be he soldier or cook, we should have a funeral ceremony and a memorial meeting in his honor" functions as a noun.
This clause provides additional information about 'anyone in our ranks' and serves as the subject of the sentence that follows. A dependent clause contains a subject and a verb, but cannot stand alone as a complete sentence. Moreover, it begins with a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun, making it subordinate to the main clause.
In this sentence, the clause "when anyone in our ranks who has done some useful work dies" refers to a person which makes it act as a noun, specifically, it is acting as the object of the preposition 'from.'
The correct answer to the student's question is: c. A noun.