Final answer:
The term for the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 °C is called specific heat. This is different from heat capacity, which is dependent on the object's mass and composition. option b is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The amount of energy (in joules) needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 °C is called specific heat. The specific heat of a substance is a measurement that reflects how much energy is required to raise the temperature of just 1 gram of the substance by 1°C.
This concept is different from heat capacity, which is the total amount of heat required to raise the temperature of an object by 1°C and is dependent on the object's mass and composition. The term specific heat is often represented by the symbol Cp, with the p subscript denoting that specific heats are measured at constant pressure and the units for specific heat are typically joules per gram per degree (J/g°C).
The amount of energy (in joules) needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 °C is called specific heat. Specific heat is a property that is characteristic of each substance and reflects its ability to store or release heat energy. It is commonly expressed in joules per gram per degree Celsius (J/g°C).
Heat capacity (option A) is the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of an entire object (not just 1 gram), and latent heat (option D) is the heat energy involved in a phase change (such as melting or boiling). Thermal conductivity (option C) is a measure of a substance's ability to conduct heat.