Final answer:
The three tools in the control box of a worksheet are filter, sort, and conditional formatting. The filter tool allows you to display specific data. The sort tool arranges data in a specific order. The conditional formatting tool applies formatting based on conditions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The three tools in the control box of a worksheet are:
Filter: The filter tool allows you to sort and display specific data based on certain criteria. For example, you can use the filter tool to display only the sales data for a specific month or the expenses for a specific department.
Sort: The sort tool allows you to arrange the data in a worksheet in a specific order, such as alphabetically, numerically, or chronologically. This tool is useful when you want to organize your data in a meaningful way.
Conditional Formatting: The conditional formatting tool allows you to apply formatting to cells based on certain conditions. For example, you can use conditional formatting to highlight cells that contain values above a certain threshold or to color-code cells based on a specific category.
The three market-oriented tools for reducing pollution—pollution charges, marketable permits, and well-defined property rights—address concerns with command-and-control regulation such as inefficiency, inflexibility, and cost issues by introducing financial incentives and negotiable rights for environmental resources.
The question asks for an explanation on how three market-oriented tools address concerns with command-and-control regulation in the context of pollution reduction. Market-oriented tools offer various advantages over traditional command-and-control approaches, each addressing specific issues that have been raised against the latter.
Market-Oriented Tool 1: Pollution Charges
Pollution charges incentivize businesses to reduce emissions by imposing a cost for polluting. This directly addresses one of the main complaints about command-and-control, which is the lack of efficiency. Charges encourage firms to innovate and reduce emissions at the lowest cost.
Market-Oriented Tool 2: Marketable Permits
Marketable permits allow companies that can reduce pollution at lower costs to sell their excess permits to those where reduction is more costly. This system promotes cost-effectiveness, addressing a complaint against command-and-control regulation, which tends to be inflexible and potentially more expensive in achieving pollution reduction.
Market-Oriented Tool 3: Better-defined Property Rights
By assigning property rights for environmental resources, individuals and firms can negotiate to achieve pollution reduction. This system can mitigate the rigidness of command-and-control regulations and provide an incentive for the preservation and efficient use of resources, overcoming inefficiencies.