Final answer:
Empirical research shows that children raised by gay or lesbian parents are not more likely to be lesbian, gay, or bisexual and might have slightly lower rates of behavioral issues and higher self-esteem, thus the correct answer is (a) True.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question concerns whether children raised by gay or lesbian couples are more likely to be lesbian, gay, or bisexual themselves, and how the upbringing impacts their behavior and self-esteem.
Research, including an analysis of 81 parenting studies by sociologists, showed no quantifiable data supporting the idea that opposite-sex parenting is superior to same-sex parenting. Furthermore, it was found that children of lesbian couples may have slightly lower rates of behavioral problems and higher rates of self-esteem. These findings counter notions presented in past decades where homosexuality was stigmatized and linked unfavorably to family upbringing and societal norms.
Prior studies examining the impact of same-sex marriage legalization indicated positive outcomes for the emotional and mental well-being of LGBTQ people. This evidence collectively suggests that the environment provided by gay or lesbian parents is at least as supportive and nurturing as that provided by opposite-sex parents when it comes to the well-being of children.
Therefore, the correct response to the student's question is (a) True. Children of gay or lesbian couples are not more likely to be lesbian, gay, or bisexual, and children of lesbian couples may exhibit slightly lower rates of behavioral problems and higher rates of self-esteem.